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biofuel taxation
General Motors Corp.'s European division announced an affirmation on Friday regarding making its model line more environmentally friendly. The division said that it would put cleaner engines in conventional cars, offer more cars that can use ethanol and move ahead with fuel cell technology.
Company officials said at a news conference in Berlin that the company dubbed the program ecoFLEX and it would offer an ecoFLEX version with lower emissions in each model line, starting with the 2008 Corsa 1.3 CDTI compact from its European Opel brand.
The car will emit only 119 grams per kilogram of carbon dioxide, a figure that is below the proposed EU average standard of 130 grams per kilogram. According to the officials, one key to the new models was that the company aimed to have them driven the same and cost the same as the more conventional vehicles they are based on.
Saab, a Swedish brand, would also expand its range of biofuel engines. Even luxury brand Cadillac will offer a model with an E85 biofuel engine by fall 2007. E85 is a term used for motor fuel blends of up to 85 percent ethanol — an alcohol that can be derived from plants — and just 15 percent gasoline.
Vice Chairman Bob Lutz of General Motors said that the program offers ways to trim down CO2 emissions quickly. He said that E85 has a very strong potential to significantly minimize CO2 from passenger cars in the near term. He added that a pan-European policy is required to make the necessary fuels widely available and reflect the lower CO2 emissions in vehicle taxation.
GM officials said that they would tackle environmental concerns with several technologies instead of just focusing on just one. They continued that they were moving ahead "flat-out" on developing vehicles that run on hydrogen fuel cells, while other technologies could simply enhance the environmental performance of existing internal combustion engines.
One example was the Eco-Turbo engines that make use of smaller cylinder displacements but yield equivalent power and efficiency through turbo charging.
The company claimed that it would develop 16 new GM Europe engine families and 10 new transmission families by 2012.
About General Motors Corporation
The world's largest automaker, General Motors Corp., has been the annual global industry sales leader for 76 years. Founded in 1908, GM today has almost 284,000 employees around the world. GM manufactures its cars, auto part like GMC brake drum and trucks in 33 countries. With global headquarters in Detroit, the company in 2006 globally sold 9.1 million GM cars and trucks under Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, HUMMER, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall brands.
About the Author:
Iver Penn is a Mass Communications graduate who hails from Wyoming. She is at present an associate editor of a publishing company in Colorado.
Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - Gm Europe Launches Environment Initiative
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Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs - CRS Report List Price: $0.99 |
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With recent high energy prices, the passage of major energy legislation in 2005 (P.L. 109-58) and 2007 (P.L. 110-140), and the passage of a farm bill in 2008 (P.L. 110-246), there is ongoing congressional interest in promoting alternatives to petroleum fuels... |
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The Biofuel Delusion $79.95 Faced with the twin threats of peak oil and climate change, many governments have turned for an answer to the apparent panacea of biofuels. Yet, increasingly, the progressive implementation of this solution demonstrates that the promise of biofuels as a replacement to fossil fuels is in fact a mirage that, if followed, risks leaving us short of power, short of food and doing as much damage to the climate as ever -- let alone the consequent impact on biodiversity due to additional loss of habitat for agricultural production and on rural development due to the additional stress on traditional farming systems. Worse still, these risks are being ignored.In this definitive exposé, Mario Giampietro and Kozo Mayumi present a theoretical framework and exhaustive evidence for the case against large scale biofuel production from agricultural crops. This book will be vital, sobering reading for anyone concerned with energy or agricultural policy, or bioenergy as a complex system. |
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Biofuel Support Policies $42 Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives. |
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The Economics of Taxation $29.87 This concise introduction to the economic theories of taxation is intuitive yet rigorous, relating the theories both to existing tax systems and to key empirical studies. The Economics of Taxation offers a thorough discussion |
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Taxation (Hardcover) $126.45 "Taxation is a subject of enquiry that cuts across a range of disciplines, including law, economics, politics, psychology, history and accountancy, to name a few. However, research into taxation as a social and institutional phenomenon - rather than as abstraction from the real world - is largely neglected. Taxation: A Fieldwork Research Handbook opens up new avenues of enquiry in the research of taxation by offering suggestions on how research might be conducted into actual tax practice, rather than abstract models. This book: - Introduces tax as a field of enormous potential for research to all social scientists - Explains the methodological issues relating to tax research - Provides new opportunities for tax researchers to widen the scope of their enquiries - Encourages researchers to think differently about this subject Given the importance of taxation to modern society, not only as a revenue raising mechanism, but also as a tool of governance used to influence social actors, this unique text is a vital read for any social science researcher interested in this subject"-- |
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Essentials of Federal Income Taxation for Individuals And Business 2012 $108.27 Essentials of Federal Income Taxation for Individuals And Business 2012 |
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Global Debates about Taxation $120 Taxation is high on the political agenda of all major industrial countries and the debates about taxes are dominated by references to foreign models. This book explores how ideas about taxation were transferred between and within countries since the mid-eighteenth century. |
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Taxation and Gender Equity $20 Presents results from original research on the gender equity dimension of taxation from eight country studies. This book demonstrates fresh methodologies in evaluating the gender impacts of taxation, and makes recommendations for tax policies and reform in developing and developed countries. |
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The Economics of Taxation (Hardcover) $31.61 This concise introduction to the economic theories of taxation is intuitive yet rigorous, relating the theories both to existing tax systems and to key empirical studies. The Economics of Taxation offers a thorough discussion of the consequences of taxes on economic decisions and equilibrium outcomes, as well as useful insights into how policy makers should design taxes. It covers such issues of central policy importance as taxation of income from capital, environmental taxation, and tax credits for low-income families. This second edition has been significantly revised and updated. Changes include a substantially rewritten chapter on direct taxation; a discussion of recent research in the chapter on mixed taxation; the replacement of the chapter on capital taxation with a chapter on the "new dynamic public finance"; and considerations of environmental taxation in both theory and policy chapters. The book is aimed at graduate students or advanced undergraduates taking public finance classes as well as economists who want to learn more about the topic. It combines discussion of theory, empirical work, and policy objectives in compact form. Appendixes provide necessary background material on consumer and producer theory and the theory of optimal control. |
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Taxation of Individuals, 2011 edition $124.02 The basic approach to teaching taxation hasn’t changed in decades. Today’s student deserves a new approach. McGraw-Hill’s Taxation of Individuals and Business Entities continues to be a bold and innovative new textbook that has generated enthusiasm across the country. With over 120 adoptionsin the first edition alone, McGraw-Hill’s Taxation Series is designed to provide a unique, innovative, and engaging learning experience for students studying taxation. The breadth of the topical coverage, the storyline approach to presenting the material, the emphasis on the tax and nontax consequences of multiple parties involved in transactions, and the integration of financial and tax accounting topics make this book ideal for the modern tax curriculum. |
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Corporate Taxation in a Dynamic World $119 This book analyzes the economic principles of modern corporate taxation. With respect to the existing products it represents a novelty in at least two respects. First of all, it analyzes not only the effects of taxation on firms' marginal choices, but also focuses on the impact of taxation on discrete choices, such as plant location, R and D investment, and new marketing programs. The second novelty is represented by the application of option pricing techniques to corporate taxation. To give an idea of the importance of options it is sufficient to say that managers are aware that new business programs are an opportunity and not an obligation. This means that they behave as if they owned option-rights. Due to the partial irreversibility of their choices, they know that the exercise of such options reduces their business flexibility. |
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Taxation of Individuals 2011 (Hardcover) $231.82 The basic approach to teaching taxation hasn’t changed in decades. Today’s student deserves a new approach. McGraw-Hill’s Taxation of Individuals and Business Entities continues to be a bold and innovative new textbook that has generated enthusiasm across the country. With over 120 adoptionsin the first edition alone, McGraw-Hill’s Taxation Series is designed to provide a unique, innovative, and engaging learning experience for students studying taxation. The breadth of the topical coverage, the storyline approach to presenting the material, the emphasis on the tax and nontax consequences of multiple parties involved in transactions, and the integration of financial and tax accounting topics make this book ideal for the modern tax curriculum. |
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McGraw-Hill's Taxation of Individuals 2012 $192.19 McGraw-Hill’s Taxation Series continues to provide a unique, innovative, and engaging learning experience for students studying taxation. The breadth of the topical coverage, the storyline approach to presenting the material, the emphasis on the tax |
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