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natural gas

The capability to convert natural gas into a liquid, resulting in liquefied natural gas (LNG), facilitates the efficient transport of natural gas and allows for widespread distribution over a vast geographical area. Natural gas is converted to liquefied natural gas through the process of liquefaction, in which excess compounds are removed from the natural gas and it is converted to its liquid state, significantly reducing its volume. Here we examine the process of liquefaction in more detail as well as the stages through which natural gas must pass in achieving its ultimate purpose, providing an energy source to end users such as homes and businesses.

When natural gas is extracted from the earth, it is composed primarily of methane, but typically contains traces of other hydrocarbons as well as compounds and elements such as water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and possibly sulfur compounds. The process of liquefaction involves subjecting natural gas to temperatures around -260 degrees Fahrenheit, making it necessary to first remove such substances that are susceptible to freezing. Once undesired substances are removed, the natural gas is cooled to about -260 degrees Fahrenheit under high pressure, conditions which turn the natural gas into its liquid state. The result is a liquid with a volume about 600 times less than the gaseous substance with which the process began.

Liquefaction allows natural gas to be efficiently transported from areas producing mass quantities of the resource to other locations across the globe with high demand for its use. In order for natural gas to make a successful voyage from the point of liquefaction to the end user, a number of players at important stages along the supply chain must work in harmony. After natural gas is converted to LNG, it will be loaded into specialized LNG transporting vessels, in which it will travel in massive storage tanks on the journey to its destination. Liquefied natural gas must be unloaded at one of the forty specially equipped LNG import terminals throughout the world. Specialized import terminals operate in locations with considerable demand for natural gas, such as the United States, South Korea, Japan and Europe. There, the LNG may be stored in specialized tanks until needed or converted back to its gaseous state for distribution to homes and businesses. All stages along the supply chain for LNG require specialized equipment and compliance with stringent safety and security standards.

About the Author:

About the Author: Bob Jent is the CEO of Western Pipeline Corporation. Western Pipeline Corp specializes in identifying, acquiring and developing existing, producing reserves on behalf of its individual clients.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - Liquefaction and the Transport of Liquefied Natural Gas

How much natural gas would I use after converting from oil?

I have a 40 year old house with an oil furnace. I know how much oil I use a year. Is there a conversion factor that would tell me how much gas I would use with a 90% and a 95% efficient natural gas furnace?

Not really.

Your best bet would be to call 3 or 4 HVAC contractors to give you bids for a gas fired furnace to replace your oil burning unit.
They will base their bid on the type of construction of your house and the internal volume of your house and the area in which you live.
A typical 90% efficient gas furnace with a 100,000 BTU heating capacity would probably cost you $3500 to $4500.
A typical 80% efficient gas furnace with a 100,000 BTU heating capacity would probably cost you $2000 to $3000.
I just installed a new 80 % efficient unit to replace my 28 year old 80% efficient gas furnace. The 90% efficient unit would never have paid for the difference in cost between the two units when you consider that the 90% efficient furnaces do not last as long as the 80% efficient units, and are more prone to breakdowns.

The average heating value for heating oil is about 140,000 BTU/Gallon.
Your oil fired furnace is probably about 60% efficient, so you are probably getting only about 84,000 BTU/Gallon of output from it.
Each Therm of natural gas =100,000 BTU and each Therm of natural gas varies in price depending on where you live, but ours is going to be costing about $1.25 per Therm this coming winter.
Multiply the number of gallons of heating oil you use by 84,000 to get the total amount of heat that you need, then divide that by 100,000 to get the number of therms you will use and then multiply that by $1.25, and then divide that by either 0.90 or 0.80 depending on the efficiency of your new furnace.

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